Fig. 1
From: 4-Coumarate 3-hydroxylase in the lignin biosynthesis pathway is a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase
The lignin biosynthetic pathway highlighting the 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) reaction characterized in this study. Shadings illustrate key findings in the current understanding of lignin biosynthesis in plants. Model of lignin biosynthesis as understood in the 80 s (in gray), shikimate shunt and substrate preferences of P450 enzymes discovered in the 90 s (in brown), subsequently identified 5H- and C-lignin monomers (in blue), and most recent step discovered (in green). PAL l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PTAL bifunctional l-phenylalanine/l-tyrosine ammonia-lyase, C4H cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C3H 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, COMT caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate 3-O-methyltransferase, F5H ferulate 5-hydroxylase/coniferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase, 4CL 4-hydroxycinnamate:CoA ligase, HCT 4-hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, C3’H 4-coumaroyl shikimate/quinate 3’-hydroxylase, CSE caffeoyl shikimate esterase, CCoAOMT caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase, CCR cinnamoyl CoA reductase, CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase
