Fig. 4

Effects of constraints of ionic species on self-assembly. a Two ways of introducing ions in this study. b SAXS traces of POEGMA#–PS as indicated by the red lines and NaCF₃SO₃-doped POEGMA0–PS ([Na⁺]/[EO] = 0.016, 0.048, and 0.072) as indicated by the black lines (temperature: 80 °C), where EO represents ethylene oxide. The black arrows indicate q/q^* at multiples of 1, 2, and 3, while the blue arrows identify q/q^* at multiples of 1, 3^1/2, and 4^1/2, where q^* is the primary peak position for each morphology