Fig. 7

Antiviral activity of ciclopirox in a humanized liver mouse model of HBV infection. a Schematic depiction of the experiment. PXB mice (n = 3 per group) were injected via the tail vein with HBV virions (5 ×  10⁷ copies per mouse, genotype D). After 6 weeks, the mice were treated orally with TDF and/or ciclopirox (both 5 mg per kg, daily), and serum samples were taken from the orbital sinus every week. b Serum HBV genomic DNA levels measured by quantitative PCR. c Serum HBsAg levels determined by ELISA. d Serum HBeAg levels determined by ELISA. e Serum ALT levels determined by ELISA. f Human albumin levels determined by ELISA. g Intrahepatic cccDNA was determined in nucleic acid extracted from liver specimens obtained after 35 days of treatment. h Immunohistochemical analysis of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in liver sections obtained after 35 days of treatment (×200 magnification). The data in b–g are representative of three independent experiments, and are expressed as means ± SDs. The error bars represent the ± SD. Scale bars, 100 μm.*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-tests. Source data are provided as a Source Data file