Fig. 1

Schematic diagrams showing the life cycle, key particles, and structural components of the bacteriophage ϕ29. a Top: A schematic diagram showing the life cycle of ϕ29; bottom: diagrams showing the polypeptide chains of the structure components. The oblique dashed lines indicate the portions for which the atomic structures are available. b Surface shadowed diagrams show key particles of ϕ29. A cross-section is shown at the right side of each particle. The head fibers are colored cyan. The major capsids are colored brown. The connectors are colored red. The low collars are colored light blue. The appendages (tail spikes) are colored green. The tail knobs are colored yellow