Fig. 4
Comparison of bacteriophage profile between single-ARTI and multiple-ARTIs. a Bacteriophage community profile was displayed as a heatmap of the relative abundance, which included the 30 most frequently detected bacteriophage taxa, classified according to their bacteria host and grouped by ARTI episodes. Relative abundance was calculated based on the proportion of normalized reads number. The color gradient key displays percent abundance. b Comparison of the relative abundance of each bacteriophage taxa between children with single and multiple ARTIs using Mann–Whitney U test. Each column displays the mean abundance with the 95% CI. Comparison of abundance of Propionibacterium phages (c), and Lactococcus phages (d), between multiple-ARTIs children and single-ARTI children were performed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test corrected for multiple comparisons with Dunn’s procedure. Each column displays the mean abundance with the 95% CI. e Comparison of positive rates of Propionibacterium phages and Lactococcus phages between children with single and multiple ARTIs was performed using the Fisher’s exact test. The number of patients in each group in panels of a, c, and d was the same with those in Fig. 1
