Table 1 Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between children with single and multiple ARTIs

From: Altered respiratory virome and serum cytokine profile associated with recurrent respiratory tract infections in children

Parameters

Single ARTIa

Multiple ARTIsa

P valueb

P valuec

1st ARTI

2nd ARTI

3rd ARTI

4th ARTI

Demographics

(n = 48)

(n = 61)

(n = 61)

(n = 32)

(n = 10)

NA

NA

Median age (month, range)

40.8 (4.8–63.6)

45.6 (9.6–114)

52 (12–122)

72 (28–142)

60.5 (41–97)

0.082

0.000

Gender (M/F)

23/25

27/34

27/34

15/17

3/7

0.847

0.855

Duration of sampling&

2.3 (0–13)

2.1 (0–14)

2.2 (0–14)

2.3 (0–15)

2 (0–4)

0.426

0.631

Season

(n = 48)

(n = 61)

(n = 61)

(n = 32)

(n = 10)

NA

NA

Spring

5 (10.4%)

13 (21.3%)

18 (29.5%)

16 (50.0%)

2 (20.0%)

0.192

0.037

Summer

4 (8.3%)

12 (19.7%)

11 (19.0%)

4 (12.5%)

2 (20.0%)

0.108

0.830

Autumn

24 (50.0%)

20 (36.8%)

18 (32.8%)

5 (15.6%)

5 (50.0%)

0.112

0.141

Winter

15 (31.3%)

16 (26.2%)

14 (26.2%)

7 (21.9%)

1 (10.0%)

0.669

0.801

Clinical parameters

(n = 48)

(n = 61)

(n = 61)

(n = 32)

(n = 10)

NA

NA

Cough

36 (72.0%)

53 (86.9%)

53 (86.9%)

21 (65.6%)

7 (70.0%)

0.138

0.035

Fever

44 (88.0%)

58 (95.1%)

55 (90.2%)

30 (93.8%)

9 (90.0%)

0.697

0.665

Sore throat

14 (28%)

28 (45.9%)

19 (31.2%)

17 (53.1%)

2 (20.0%)

0.112

0.081

Running nose

29 (58.0%)

49 (80.4%)

40 (65.6%)

19 (59.4%)

9 (90.0%)

0.032

0.064

Expectoration

18 (36.0%)

23 (37.7%)

13 (21.3%)

7 (21.9%)

4 (40.0%)

1.000

0.144

White blood cell (109/L)

9.22 (4.55–22.69)

8.65 (3.96–20.3)

7.77 (2.85–39.1)

8.43 (3.64–20.1)

6.97 (4.0–14.3)

0.557

0.455

Lymphocyte (%)

26.1 (0.29–74.7)

29.7 (1.9–86.2)

28.4 (2.1–71)

23.5 (5.0–69.5)

24.2 (15.9–41.8)

0.688

0.609

Neutrophils (%)

62.5 (0.55–84.1)

59.7 (12.2–86.3)

58.2 (2.8–86.5)

67 (19.5–92.5)

64 (51.4–80.2)

0.920

0.097

Hemoglobin (g/L)

125.5 (96–230)

123 (95–136)

123 (103–149)

120 (94–143)

122 (114–138)

0.143

0.132

Platelet (109/L)

250 (139–745)

246 (94–421)

252 (150–398)

256 (172–416)

254 (157–343)

0.467

0.917

Diagnosis

n = 17 (48)

n = 25 (61)

n = 30 (61)

n = 29 (32)

n = 8 (10)

NA

NA

Tonsillitis

6 (35.3%)

13 (52.0%)

17 (56.6%)

20 (68.9%)

5 (62.5%)

0.353

0.629

Pharyngitis

1 (5.8%)

2 (8.0%)

0

1 (3.4%)

0

NA

NA

Bronchiolitis

8 (47.1%)

8 (32.0%)

14 (46.6%)

8 (27.6%)

4 (50.0%)

0.353

0.373

Pneumonia

2 (11.8%)

3 (12.0%)

0

1 (3.4%)

0

NA

NA

  1. For other details, please see Fig. 1 and Methods
  2. M male, F female, NA not applicable
  3. aOne child having two ARTI episodes and two children having only one ARTI episode were excluded from the final analysis due to failure in NGS, and thus results from a total of 61 multiple-ARTI children and 48 single-ARTI children were presented
  4. bFisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for the comparison of single ARTI and the first episode in multiple ARTIs
  5. cFisher’s exact test and Kruskal Wallis test were used for the comparison of different episodes in multiple ARTIs. & Days between disease onset and sampling
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