Fig. 8

EVs play critical roles in the pathogenesis of viral infectons. DV activates macrophages and neutrophils via CLEC5A. DV also stimulate CLEC2 on platelets to promote release of EVs (DV-EXOs and DV-MVs), which further enhance the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and NET formation in neutrophils via CLEC5A and TLR2