Fig. 3

Knockdown of CHML decreased cellular migratory and invasive abilities. a, c Western blot analysis of the knockdown efficiency of CHML in HCC cell line CSQT-2 (a) and LM3 (c). b, d Boyden chamber and invasion assay are conducted to detect the migration and invasion abilities of control cells and CHML-knockdown CSQT-2 cells (b) and LM3 cells (d). Each representative image is shown. Quantitative blot analysis was shown on the right. Data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m., ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. e Left: representative images showing luciferase expression from intrahepatic tumors of both CSQT-2 control and shCHML group. Right: quantification of luciferase expression of intrahepatic tumors. *P < 0.01, Student’s t-test. f Livers of both control and shCHML groups resected from intrahepatic metastasis mouse model. Tissues are photographed, fixed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Scale bar, 60 μm. ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. g Left: representative images showing luciferase expression from lung metastasis of both CSQT-2 control and shCHML group. Right: quantification of luciferase expression of lung metastases. ****P < 0.0001 by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. h HE staining of lungs from both control and shCHML groups resected from tail vein injection metastasis mouse model. Scale bar, 100 μm. ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. All data are represented as mean ± s.e.m.