Fig. 2

The gut microbiome changes during ageing. 16S rRNA sequencing data were generated from faecal pellets collected from adult (3-month-old) and aged (21-month-old) BALB/c females and C57BL/6 males. a, b Bray-Curtis PCoA and d, e bacterial diversities (measured by Shannon index) of samples collected from 3-month-old and 21-month-old BALB/c mice (a, d) and C57BL/6 mice (b, e). The overall p-value was based on ANOVA tests. c, f Depiction of bacterial families whose abundance was significantly different between 3-month-old and 21-month-old BALB/c (c) and C57BL/6 (f) mice as determined by ANOVA analysis after cumulative-sum scaling (CSS). g, h Krona plots depicting the phylogenetic composition of the gut microbiome in 3-month-old (top) and 21-month-old (bottom) BALB/c (g) and C57BL/6 (h) mice. The percentages shown are averages of the samples in each age group. Samples were collected in 2 independent experiments for BALB/c mice and 3 independent experiments for C57BL/6 mice with a total of n = 5–14 mice per group. P-values are based on ANOVA tests *FDR ≤ 0.05, **FDR ≤ 0.01, ***FDR ≤ 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file