Fig. 3

Electrochemical redox properties of polymer particulate suspensions. a CV curves of polyhydroquinone (PHQ), naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride-ethylene diamine copolymer (PI1) and naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride-p-phenylenediamine copolymer (PI2) particulate suspensions (containing 0.005 mol L−1 redox-active polymer and 2.0 mol L−1 H2SO4) at a scan rate of 0.025 V s−1 for all the cases. b Reversible multi-electron redox conversion of PHQ, PI1, and PI2. c Theoretical highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels as well as band gaps of PI1. d DFT-calculated Tauc plots of single-, double-, and triple-unit PI1 molecules and their optical band gaps. e Experimental Tauc plot of PI1 polymer particulates