Fig. 6

Effect of scan rate on Ce3+ concentration and capacitance of thin films. a Pseudocapacitance-related cyclic voltammograms of CeO2−x deposited at scan rates of 50 mV s-1 (green), 300 mV s-1 (blue), 1000 mV s-1 (purple) and 3000 mV s-1 (black) (percentage in box is [Ce3+]). b Three-dimensional plot showing volumetric capacitances at scan rates of 5–500 mV s-1 for thin films with [Ce3+] of 18, 26, 34 and 44 at%