Table 1 The effect of education and general cognitive ability on current smoking

	OLS	Single-variable MR	Single-variable MR	Multivariable MR
Age completed education
Effect	−0.007	−0.027		−0.041
SE	0.0004	0.005		0.012
95% CI	−0.008, −0.007	−0.037, −0.017		−0.064, −0.018
P value	<0.001	<0.001		0.001
F	—	556.17		483.19
Conditional F	—	—		85.89
Cognitive ability score
Effect	−0.008		−0.026	0.047
SE	0.001		0.009	0.027
95% CI	−0.010, −0.007		−0.044, −0.008	−0.005, 0.100
P value	<0.001		0.005	0.076
F	—		887.78	544.24
Conditional F	—		—	86.78

Estimates of the effect of education and general cognitive ability on current smoking from OLS, multivariable MR and single-variable MR regressions from analysis of individual-level data. Estimates given are risk difference effect estimates. All regressions also include a full set of adjustments: age, sex, year of birth and gender interacted with year of birth. Mendelian randomisation regressions are also adjusted for 40 genetic principal components. Non-European and related individuals have been excluded from the analysis. Total sample size 120,050
OLS ordinary least squares, MR Mendelian randomisation

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