Table 4 Estimates of the effect of educational attainment and general cognitive ability; Odds ratio estimates from summary-level data analysis

From: Mendelian randomisation analysis of the effect of educational attainment and cognitive ability on smoking behaviour

 

Smoking initiation

Single-variable MR

Multivariable MR

Smoking cessation

Single-variable MR

Multivariable MR

Age completed education

    Effect

0.658

0.603

1.952

2.613

    95% CI

0.568, 0.762

0.466, 0.780

1.625, 2.343

1.910, 3.586

    P value

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Cognitive ability

    Effect

0.912

1.111

1.318

0.687

    95% CI

0.789, 1.054

0.858, 1.483

1.071, 1.620

0.501, 1.061

    P value

0.215

0.423

0.009

0.020

  1. Estimates of the effect of educational attainment and general cognitive ability on smoking initiation and cessation from two-sample summary data Mendelian randomisation. Summary data statistics obtained from publicly available results from GWAS studies on educational attainment, cognitive ability41 and smoking behaviour42
  2. MR Mendelian randomisation, GWAS genome-wide association studies
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