Fig. 9
From: Mechanical impact of epithelial−mesenchymal transition on epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila
Simulating laser ablations in a 3D biophysical model. Schemes recapitulate the different simulated ablations. The apical ablated region is indicated by blue arrowheads. It can be seen on the ventral view of the simulated embryo in b. The mid-plane ablation in (c) is represented by a red rectangle in the scheme. Longitudinal and transversal views correspond to time step 50, at this time the invagination is considered as complete; the gray lines represent the initial shape of the embryo. Ectodermal cell edges are in black and mesodermal cells in red. An: anterior, P: posterior, V: ventral, D: dorsal. a Longitudinal (left) and transversal (right) sections of the simulated embryo in the control condition. Scale bar: 25 µm. b, c Longitudinal (top) and transversal (down) sections of the simulated embryos. The dashed gray lines in the transversal sections represent the position of the full invagination profile for the control condition. The invagination is mostly unperturbed in the control condition (b, n = 20), whereas it is totally prevented when apico-basal forces are impaired (c, central region, n = 20). Scale bar: 25 µm. d Invagination front lines of the simulated embryos shown in (b) and (c) highlighting the invagination defect in the absence of apico-basal traction compared to the control. e Invagination depth of the central region with (ctl) or without (ablated) apico-basal traction, measured respectively when the invagination is maximum. Statistical significance was assessed by the Mann−Whitney test (ctl: n = 20 and ablated: n = 20 at the end of the invagination: p = 3.4 × 10−8—significant***). See also Supplementary Fig. 5
