Fig. 4
Synergistic effect of surface charge and space charge. a Comparison with the power output of MXene/PVA composite membranes with the same weight ratio as MXene/ANF composite. The power output of MXene/ANF composite membranes is plotted for a direct comparison. b Schematic of the synergistic effect of surface charge and space charge. c Dependence of the output power density on the electrolyte pH value. Error bars represent s.d. d Surface Zeta electric potential of the MXene and ANF as a function of pH value, indicating that their charge effect can be largely strengthened upon raising the pH. Error bars represent s.d
