Fig. 5
Continuum-based theoretical simulation. a Three theoretical models including solely surface-charged 2D channel (model-1), solely spacing charged 2D channel (model-2), and simultaneously surface and space charged 2D channel (model-3). b The calculated normalized power output by the model-3. c The calculated normalized power output by the mathematic sum of model-1 and model-2, which is much lower than the value of the model-3 for any charge combinations, indicating the remarkable synergetic effect of surface charge and space charge. d Influence of the surface charge on the enhancing factor when the space charge is set to be constant (−4 C cm−3). e Influence of the space charge on the enhancing factor when the surface charge is set to be constant (−0.04 C m−2). f Relationship between the interlayer distance of 2D channel and the enhancing factor. The charge densities are all negative values
