Fig. 3

First-principles calculated energies for solutes at twin boundaries. a Relative energies of filling the extension site column in the \(\left( {{{10}}\bar {{1}}2} \right)\) twin interface, b the compression site column in the \(\left( {{{10}}\bar {{1}}2} \right)\) twin interface, c the extension site column in the \(\left( {{{10}}\bar {{1}}1} \right)\) twin interface, and d the compression site column in the \(\left( {{{10}}\bar {{1}}1} \right)\) twin interface. In (a, c) solid lines represent energies when the compression site is filled with Mg, while the dashed line gives energies where the compression site is filled with Ag. The solid line in (b, d) is for calculations with Mg filling the extension site and the dashed line has Nd filling the extension site. All energies are relative to complete filling by Mg in both the extension and compression sites