Fig. 3

Design and characterization of OAM-selective meta-holograms. a Design principle of an OAM-selective hologram by adding the phase function of a spiral phase plate onto an OAM-conserving hologram. b Experimental characterization of OAM-selective meta-holograms, which are labelled as “1”, “2”, “3”, and “4”, based on the illumination of the four OAM beams with topological charges of −2, −1, 1, and 2, respectively. c Comparison of optical power of the reconstructed holographic images using different OAM beams, which suggests the strong OAM selectivity by different OAM-selective meta-holograms