Fig. 4
From: Inferring broken detailed balance in the absence of observable currents
Molecular motor. a Illustration: Active states (red boxed squares) can use a source of chemical energy while passive states (circles) cannot. The chemical energy is used to power the motor against and external force F. b Illustration of a trajectory for four positions, where the hidden internal active state is denoted by the red shaded regions. c, d Waiting time distributions ψ(t) for the up–up (red) and down–down (blue) transitions at stalling for Δμ = 0 β−1 (c) and Δμ = 10 β−1 (d). Notice that the distributions are only different in the presence of a chemical drive. e Total entropy production rate \(\dot S\) (red), affinity estimator \(\dot S_{{\mathrm{aff}}}\) (green), and entropy production for semi-Markov model \(\dot S_{{\mathrm{KLD}}}\) for Δμ = 0 (left) up to Δμ = 10 (right), as a function of force F, centered at the stall force. f Same as (e) at stalling as a function of chemical drive. The affinity estimator \(\dot S_{{\mathrm{aff}}}\) offers a lower bound constrained by the statistical uncertainty due to the finite amount of data (green shaded region). Calculations were done using the parameters ks = 1 s−1, k0 = 0.01 s−1, and the trajectories were sampled using the Gillespie algorithm61
