Table 1 Specimens included in the study

From: Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species

Specimens	Chronology^a	Site	3D^b	Inst^c
		Phylogeny sample
		H. habilis sensu lato
KNM-ER 1813	~1.8 Ma	Koobi Fora, Kenya	PH	NMK
KNM-ER 1470	~1.8 Ma	Koobi Fora, Kenya	PH	NMK
		H. ergaster
KNM-ER 3733	~1.6 Ma	Koobi Fora, Kenya	PH	NMK
KNM-ER 3883	~1.6 Ma	Koobi Fora, Kenya	PH	NMK
KNM-WT 15000	1.6–1.4 Ma	Nariokotome, Kenya	PH	NMK
		H. georgicus
D2282	~1.77 Ma	Dmanisi, Georgia	PH	IPH
D2700	~1.77 Ma	Dmanisi, Georgia	PH	IPH
		Early Neandertal
Saccopastore 1	130–250 ka	Saccopastore, Italy	PH	US
Ehringsdorf H	~200 ka	Ehringsdorf, Germany	PH	IPH
		Near East Neandertal
Amud 1	50–60 ka	Amud, Israel	OP	DC
Shanidar 1	~45 ka	Shanidar, Irak	PH	MH
		South Europe Neandertal
Guattari	52 ± 12 ka	Monte Circeo, Italy	CT	MP
Gibraltar 1	50–60 ka	Forbes’ Quarry, Gibraltar	CT	NHM
		West Europe Neandertal
La Ferrassie1	53–66 ka	La Ferrassie, France	CT	MH
La Chapelle-aux-Saints	~50 ka	La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France	CT	MH
		Early Homo sapiens
Qafzeh 6	100–130 ka	Qafzeh, Israel	PH	IPH
Qafzeh 9	100–130 ka	Qafzeh, Israel	OP	DC
Skhūl V	88–117 ka	Skhūl, Israel	CT	PM
Holocene		Homo sapiens
San (n = 10)	19–20th century	Republic of South Africa	CT/PH	DC/MH
Khoikhoi (n = 10)	19–20th century	Republic of South Africa	CT/PH	DC/MH
Bayaka (n = 10)	19–20th century	Central African Republic	PH	MH
Mbuti (n = 2)	19–20th century	Congo	CT/PH	DC
Central Africa (n = 14)	19–20th century	Congo–Central Africa–Nigeria	CT	DC
East Africa (n = 14)	19–20th century	Tanzania	CT	DC
West Africa (n = 9)	19–20th century	Mali-Ghana-Guinea	CT	DC
South Africa (n = 6)	19–20th century	Republic of South Africa	CT	DC
Nilotic (n = 8)	19–20th century	Kenya-Uganda	PH/CT	DC
Papua (n = 14)	19-20th century	Papua New-Guinea	CT/PH	DC
Australia (n = 14)	19–20th century	Australia	CT	DC
North Africa (n = 15)	~5 ka, 19–20th century	Egypt-Sudan	OP/CT	DC
South Europe (n = 15)	19–20th century	France-Italy-Spain-Malta	CT	DC
North Europe (n = 14)	19–20th century	Germany-Austria-Russia-Czech Republic-Hungary-Ukraine-Denmark-Sweden-England	CT	DC
South Asia (n = 14)	19–20th century	India-Pakistan	CT	DC
South East Asia (n = 14)	19–20th century	Myanmar	CT	DC
East Asia Japan (n = 10)	19–20th century	Japan	CT/PH	DC/MH/OR
East Asia China (n = 10)	19–20th century	China	CT	OR/DC
Inuit Greenland (n = 15)	19–20th century	Denmark	CT	DC
Inuit Alaska (n = 13)	19–20th century	US-AK	CT	AM
North America (n = 14)	19–20th century	US-Canada	CT	DC
		LMP sample
Irhoud 1	~315 ± 34 ka	Jebel Irhoud, Morocco	OP	DC
Omo II	195 ± 95 ka	Omo Kibish, Ethiopia	PH	NMK
LH18	200–300 ka	Laetoli, Tanzania	CT	TAZ
Florisbad	259 ± 35 ka	Bloemfontein, South Africa	PH	NM
KNM-ES 11693	270–300 ka	Eliye Springs, Kenya	PH	NMK

Note: Bold types indicate when original specimens were examined
^aReferences for chronology can be found in Supplementary Reference
^bIndicates the scanning method: CT scanner, optical scanner (OP) or photogrammetry (PH)
^cIndicates where the specimens were scanned (DC Duckworth Laboratory, Cambridge, IPH Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, MH Musée de l’Homme, Paris, SU Museo di Antropologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, MP Museo Pigorini, Rome, NHM Natural History Museum, London, NMK National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, NM National Museum, Bloemfontein, OR ORSA database, Penn Museum, PM Peabody Museum, Cambridge, TAZ National Museum of Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, AM American Museum of Natural History, New York, CT scans from⁹³); Ma millions of years, ka thousands of years

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Table 1 Specimens included in the study

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