Fig. 4
Specific endoplasmic reticulum stress and calreticulin (CRT) exposure. a Western blot analysis of caspase-3 and CHOP (C/EBP-homologous protein-10) proteins expressed in CT-26 cells after treatment with free indocyanine green (ICG; 20 μg/mL), ICG-HAuNS (ICG: 20 μg/mL; hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNS): 40 μg/mL), FAL-ICG-HAuNS (ICG: 20 μg/mL; HAuNS: 40 μg/mL), ICG-HAuNS (ICG: 20 μg/mL; HAuNS: 40 μg/mL) plus Hb-lipo (40 μg/mL), or FAL-ICG-HAuNS (ICG: 20 μg/mL; HAuNS: 40 μg/mL) plus FAL-Hb-lipo (40 μg/mL) for 12 h. Laser power: 2 W/cm2, 2 min, n = 3. b Quantification of cleaved caspase-3 and CHOP proteins normalized by β-actin, respectively. c–f CRT exposure (c, d) and total amount of CRT (e, f) after treatment with ICG-HAuNS or FAL-ICG-HAuNS followed by laser irradiation (1 W/cm2 or 3 W/cm2, 2 min), n = 3. Ex: 488 nm. Scale bars, 50 μm. g Representative fluorescent imaging on CRT exposure with (1 W/cm2, 2 min) or without laser irradiation. Tocopherol (Vitamin E) was employed as a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Ex: 488 nm. Scale bars, 20 μm, n = 3. All data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance test. All error bars are expressed as ±SD. “NS” indicates “not significant”
