Fig. 3
From: Robust continuous in vitro culture of the Plasmodium cynomolgi erythrocytic stages
Phenotypic and rheological characterisation of the Berok K4 line from in vitro culture. a P. cynomolgi Berok K4-infected RBCs exhibit caveolae structures (yellow arrows) that are similar to those in P. vivax-infected RBCs (scanning electron microscopy, scale bars represent 1 µm and 100 nm for area shown at higher magnification in white box). b An atomic force microscope scan of trophozoite-infected human blood cells revealed caveolae occurred at lower frequency when compared with P. vivax. c, d The median (+ /- IQR) dimensions of these caveolae were similar (P. vivax n = 177, P. cynomolgi n = 91). e, f Amnis flow imaging clearly shows that the mature erythrocytic stages P. cynomolgi Berok K4; readily formed rosettes with uninfected red blood cells, which are also a key feature P. vivax (n = 5). g, h A dual micropipette aspiration method was used to demonstrate the rheological stability of the P. cynomolgi Berok K4 rosettes (n = 5). As observed in P. vivax, P. cynomolgi rosettes are tightly attached and the cells require around 400 pN to disrupt the adhesion. The non-parametric data resented in b, d, f and h were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U test with the significance level set at P < 0.05. The histograms and lines on box plots and scatter plots represent medians, and the error bars the interquartile range (IQR)
