Fig. 2

High fat diet (HFD) feeding impedes secreted factors and immune cells promoting intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA). Relative messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes promoting IgA in colon a whole tissue (n = 6/group), b lamina propria (LP) (n = 8/group, 2 experiments), and c epithelial cell fraction (n = 8/group, 2 experiments) in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice after 14 weeks compared to normal control diet (NCD) controls. Frequency (left) and absolute number (right) of d CX3CR1⁺ MHCII⁺ macrophages, e corresponding macrophage subsets, f CD11c⁺ MHCII⁺ CX3CR1⁻ dendritic cells, and g corresponding dendritic cell subsets in the colonic LP of C57BL/6J mice fed a HFD/NCD for 14 weeks (n = 6/group, 2 experiments). Data are means ± SEM. * denotes p < 0.05, ** denotes p < 0.01, and *** denotes p < 0.001