Fig. 5

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency exacerbates immune-cell-mediated visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation. a Enumeration of crown-like structures (CLS) per ×100 low power field (LPF) (left) and fat cell diameter (right) within the VAT of high fat diet (HFD)-fed WT and IgA^−/− after 14 weeks of diet (n = 3 mice/group, 10–12 LPF per mouse for CLS, 120–129 cells from three mice for cell diameter). b Representative histological images of VAT of HFD-fed WT (left) and IgA^−/− (right) after 14 weeks of diet (scale bar =100 µm). c Percentage (left) and absolute number (right) of total CD11b⁺ F4/80⁺ macrophages within the VAT stromal vascular fraction measured by flow cytometry (n = 5–6 pooled mice, three experiments). d Frequency (left) and absolute number (right) of Foxp3⁺ CD4⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the stromal vascular cells of VAT in IgA^−/− mice fed HFD for 14 weeks compared to WT controls (n = 4 WT, 6 IgA^−/− pooled mice; 4 experiments). e Relative mRNA expression levels of CCL2 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) within VAT of HFD fed WT and IgA^−/− mice (n = 5 WT, 6 IgA^−/−, 2 experiments). Data are means ± SEM. * denotes p < 0.05, ** denotes p < 0.01, and *** denotes p < 0.001