Fig. 3

LSv neurons mediate the effect of activation of PVH→LSv. a–c The effect of blocking LSv glutamate receptors on behavior. A paradigm depicting the experimental strategy using male Sim1-Cre mice a and the effect on self-grooming b and jumping c by infusion of saline or glutamate receptor antagonists DNQX+AP5 to LSv 5 mins prior to behavioral testing. d–f Vgat-Cre male mice with AAV-Fas-ChR2-eGFP (“Cre-off”) delivery to PVH, AAV-DIO-hM4Di-EREADD-mCherry delivery to LSv, and optic fiber implantation targeting LSv d were used for self-grooming (e n = 5, p = 0.0021) and jumping assays (f, n = 5, p = 0.0105) in response to saline and CNO treatment. PVH: paraventricular hypothalamus; LSv: ventral part of lateral septum; aca: anterior commissure area; 3 V: the third ventricle; AcbSh: accumbens shell. *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, paired student’s t tests e, f