Fig. 6

Model of regulatory neofunctionalization of CYP82C2. An ancestral gene with roles in iron-stress responses (CYP82C4) underwent gene duplication in a progenitor species to A. thaliana and A. lyrata, leading to ancestral CYP82C2. Subsequent speciation led to ancestral A. thaliana and A. lyrata. In the former species, a significant degree of retroduplication, mutagenesis, and transposition events occurred, culminating with the formation of W-box and WRKY33-specific sequences in the ancestral EPCOT3 and its integration upstream of CYP82C2. Subsequent epigenetic modifications in A. thaliana were necessary to permit WRKY33 binding and CYP82C2 activation. Features in black have a hypothesized function, whereas features in gray have no known function. Double-dashed line indicates features omitted from view (e.g., CYP82C3)