Fig. 1

Catalytic difunctionalization of alkenes. a Oxidative difunctionalization of alkenes with H-P(O) compounds. b Limited examples for visible-light-mediated difunctionalization of alkenes with CO2 reported by Martin, Wu and our group. c Redox-neutral difunctionalization of alkenes with H-P(O) to generate important β-phosphono carboxylic acids, including structurally complex unnatural α-amino acids