Table 1 Screening the reaction conditionsa

From: Transition metal-free phosphonocarboxylation of alkenes with carbon dioxide via visible-light photoredox catalysis

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Entry

[PC]

Base

Yield (%)

1

Ru(bpy)3Cl2

Cs2CO3

<5

2

Ir[(ppy)2(dtbpy)]PF6

Cs2CO3

70

3

4CzIPN

Cs2CO3

75

4

—

Cs2CO3

N.D.

5

4CzIPN

Na2CO3

83

6

4CzIPN

K2CO3

89

7

4CzIPN

Et3N

32

8b

4CzIPN

K2CO3

89

9b, c

4CzIPN

K2CO3

<5

10

—

K2CO3

N.D.

11b, d

4CzIPN

K2CO3

N.D.

12b

4CzIPN

—

21

  1. LED light-emitting diode, DMF N, N-dimethylformamide, N.D. not detected
  2. aReaction conditions: 1a (0.2 mmol), 2a (1.2 eq.), [PC] (2 mol%), Base (1.5 eq.), DMF (2 mL), RT. The yields are of isolated products
  3. b0.1 mol% of [PC]
  4. cWithout CO2
  5. dWithout light
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