Fig. 2
From: Arctic closure as a trigger for Atlantic overturning at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition
Surface salinity before and after closure of the Arctic gateway. a Surface salinity in the control run at 38 Ma, b surface salinity with the Arctic–Atlantic gateway closed. c Winter mixed layer depth (MLD) in the 38 Ma control run, and d MLD after closing the Arctic gateway. The Arctic Ocean is very fresh, due to precipitation–evaporation and continental river runoff. Closure of the Arctic–Atlantic gateway leads to a dramatic increase in North Atlantic salinity. This in turn triggers North Atlantic sinking, and the cessation of North Pacific sinking
