Fig. 1
From: Catalytic amidation of natural and synthetic polyol esters with sulfonamides

Substitution at C(sp3)–O bonds of esters. a Classical SN2 substitution reactions at the alkyl C–O bond of an ester; b Examples of reactions involving acyloxonium intermediates; c Catalytic hydrogenolysis of triacylglycerides; d Catalytic substitution of polyol esters with sulfonamides. R, R1, R2, R’, dash bonds: substituents; Nu, nucleophile; M, metal