Fig. 3

NOB enhanced circadian rhythms in skeletal muscle. Aged mice were fed with regular diet (RD), high-fat (HF) diet, or HF diet with NOB (HF.NOB). a Wheel-running activity (WRA) analysis. Representative actograms are shown (n = 4, 6, and 6 for RD, HF, and HF.NOB, respectively). b Circadian wheel-running activity was calculated from a by using the ActiView software (n = 4, 6, and 6 for RD, HF, and HF.NOB, respectively). c Calf muscle mass were measured after 20 weeks of treatment (n = 20, 15, and 15 for RD, HF, and HF.NOB, respectively). d Triglyceride contents in calf muscle (n = 7, 6, and 4 for RD, HF, and HF.NOB, respectively). e Fiber size (n = 3, 4, and 5 for RD, HF, and HF.NOB, respectively). f Expression of Bmal1, Npas2, and Dec1 genes (ZT6, n = 11, 10, and 10 for RD, 10 HF, and 10 HF.NOB, respectively; ZT18, n = 9, 8, and 8 for RD, HF, and HF.NOB, respectively). g Representative BMAL1, RORα, RORγ, and REV-ERBα protein levels and quantification results are shown (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM in bar graphs