Fig. 3

Detailed DNA methylation map of the CHRNE gene. a (i) Boxplot and dot-plot of DNA methylation for individual neonatal control and ART samples at the two probes within the CHRNE gene that showed a significant difference between groups (adjusted p-value <0.05 (Bayesian levene’s test)). n = 207 biologically independent birth samples, n = 233 biologically independent adult samples. (ii) Boxplot and dot-plot of the same two probes in individual adult control and ART samples. The change is no longer significant in adult samples after correction for multiple testing, but the direction of methylation change persists. Boxplot elements are: center line-median; box limits-upper (Q3) and lower (Q1) quartiles; whiskers–smallest and largest non-outlier; points-outliers. b. Map of the CHRNE gene in hg19, showing EPIC probe locations. c Mean DNA methylation level at CHRNE for neonatal and adult non-ART and ART groups. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. DMR1 is split into two: DMR1a that shows both ART and age specific DNA methylation differences and DMR1b that only shows ART-specific DNA methylation change. In addition, an age-specific DMR (DMR2) and a DMP are highlighted