Fig. 4
Altered composition of intestinal microbiome in Il36rn−/− mice dependent on IL-36 activity. a Relative gene expression of IL-36 cytokines and IL-36 receptor in the colon of wt and Il36rn−/− mice (n = 6 per group). b Protein expression of phospho-p44/p42 (Thr202/Tyr204, P-p44/P-p42) with total p44/p42, and phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536, P-NF-κB p65) with total NF-κB p65, in the colons of wt (n = 3) and Il36rn−/− (n = 4) mice. c Weighted ordination by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of beta-diversity of intestinal microbiome composition in wt and Il36rn−/− mice (n = 5 per group). d Proportional relative abundance of the most abundant phyla in the microbiome of wt and Il36rn−/− mice. e Percent relative abundance means ± SD of the eight most abundant phyla, Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test to determine significance. f Percent relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in regard to total bacteria in the microbiome of 8–10-week-old wt and Il36rn−/− mice, as determined by qPCR using specific primers, before (day −1) and after (days 6, 9) three i.p. injections of rIL-36Ra (n = 9 and 5) or PBS control (n = 9) (days 1, 2, 3) were performed . Data show means ± SEM unless otherwise described. Statistical analysis using two-tailed Mann–Whitney test for (a) and (f), or as described. ns p > 0.05, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Source data are provided as a Source Data file
