Table 4 Putative drug target genes from GERD GWAS

From: Gastroesophageal reflux GWAS identifies risk loci that also associate with subsequent severe esophageal diseases

Gene

chr

Start, stop

Evidence for this particular gene

Drug(s)

Currently used for GERD/EA/BE

Highly expressed tissues(TPM)

CCKBR

11

6,280,841–6,293,363

Peak SNP rs12792379 is an eQTL for CCKBR

PROGLUMIDE, NETAZEPIDE

Yes

Stomach (40), brain frontal cortex (22), brain cortex (22), brain cerebellum (22), brain cerebellar hemisphere (22)

EPHB1

3

134,514,099–134,851,891

Peak SNP rs60716777 is between EPHB1 and KY; this SNP is eQTL for KY, although noteworthy because EPHB1 is esophageal cancer drug target

VANDETANIB

Yes

Brain-cerebellar hemisphere (33), brain-cerebellum (23), brain-caudate (10), brain-putamen (9.5), cells-EBV (9.3)

CDK2

12

56,360,556–56,366,568

See paragraph in discussion section

Multiple

Yes

EBV (64), esophagus-muscularis (32), lung (32), ovary (32), skin (28)

DPYD

1

97,543,300–98,386,615

Peak SNP rs7552188 is an eQTL (esophageal mucosa) for DPYD

ENILURACIL

No

Transformed fibroblasts (40), lung (27), whole blood (20), spleen (19), ovary (19)

PDE4B

1

97,543,300–98,386,615

Signal wholly over PDE4B; Significant MAGMA result

Multiple

No

Brain-spinal cord (29), brain-nucleus (17), brain-hypothalamus (14), brain-frontal (14), brain-cortex (14)

MST1R

3

49,924,436–49,941,306

Peak SNP rs7613875 is an eQTL (esophagus mucosa) for MST1R; significant MetaXcan and MAGMA result

NARNATUMAB, MK-8033, MGCD-265

No

Brain-spinal cord (30), brain-nucleus (17), brain-substantia (16), brain-frontal (16), spleen (16)

LAMA2

6

129,204,286–129,837,710

Signal wholly over LAMA2; Significant MAGMA result

OCRIPLASMIN

No

Ovary (121), nerve-tibial (91), fallopian tube (74), transformed fibroblasts (72), cervix-endocervix (55)

  1. Two further genes (KCNB2 on chromosome 8, SLC9A3 on chromosome 5) are drug targets, but we have not listed them in Table 4 as the link from the peak SNP to the putative target gene was weaker than for those in Table 4 (e.g., there are several equally likely candidate genes in the region). The top five expressed genes obtained from GTEx portal (https://gtexportal.org/home/gene, TPM is transcripts per kilobase million).