Fig. 4

Gut microbial PUFA metabolites and adipose inflammatory response. a Heat map of FA profiles in the ileum (n = 4 per group). b HYA was detected in the ileum (left) and plasma (right) (n = 9 per group in the ileum; n = 9, 8, and 9 per group in the plasma). c Arachidonic acid (left) and PGE2 (right) were quantified in the ileum (n = 9 per group for arachidonic acid; n = 8, 9, and 9 per group for PGE2). d WAT sections were labeled by F4/80 (green), caveolin-1 (red), and DAPI (blue), and F4/80-positive cells were measured (n = 7 per group). Scale bar, 400 μm. e Levels of adipose PGE2 (n = 10 per group). f mRNA expression of F4/80, Tnfα, and Mcp1 in the WAT of HFD-induced obese mice (n = 10 per group). **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05 vs. control (Tukey–Kramer test). ^##P < 0.01; ^#P < 0.05 vs. HYA (Tukey–Kramer test). Results are presented as means ± SE. Source data are provided as a Source Data file 4