Fig. 4

Proton-induced fluorescence dependence. Proton-induced fluorescence dependence on photosensitiser (PS) concentration, proton flux and proton-induced fluorescence efficiency by PS. a Concentration dependence of the peak fluorescence intensity of Hyp, PpIX and mTHPC. b Fluorescence intensity dependence on proton fluence for Hyp (10 µM, dimethyl sulfoxide). c Comparison of the calculated proton-induced fluorescence efficiency between selected PSs scaled to methylene blue. The black squares show the integrated proton-induced fluorescence for each PS; the red circles show the same values normalised by the integrated extinction coefficient (350–750 nm) for each PS. Source data for c are provided as a Source Data file