Fig. 3

Associations of major Neisseria gonorrhoeae clusters with epidemiological risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Major clusters are defined as those containing 30 or more cases. The median pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distance represents the overall diversity within each cluster, with each cluster containing isolates that are related by ≤10 SNPs using a hierarchical single-linkage clustering approach. Box plots indicate median and interquartile range (IQR), with the whiskers representing the highest and lowest values within 1.5 × IQR of the upper and lower quartiles, and the dots representing outlier values. Abbreviations: MLST multilocus sequence type, NG-MAST Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence types, MSM men who have sex with men, PrEP pre-exposure prophylaxis, AMR antimicrobial resistance, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism