Fig. 1

Drug susceptibility profile of the DCS^R strains, distribution of DCS^R mutations and evolution of resistant strains. a Drug susceptibility pattern of DCS-resistant mutants (MIC₉₀ fold change DCS^R/parent strain). Drug abbreviations used: DCS D-cycloserine, TRZ terizidone, VAN vancomycin, TEC teicoplanin, MEM meropenem, INH isoniazid, RIF rifampicin, EMB ethambutol, PZA pyrazinamide, STR streptomycin, CIP ciprofloxacin, KAN kanamycin, ETH ethionamide, PAS para-aminosalicylic acid. The MIC₉₀ for DCS of the parent, DCS^S strain was 6.25 µg mL⁻¹. The data are representative of three independent experiments. b Genome visualization illustrating the SNPs identified in the DCS^R strains compared with the parent, DCS^S strain. Moving from the outer to innermost ring, genome reference is indicated in black, with genes harboring SNPs or representing DCS targets highlighted in white, followed by DCS^R strains 1–11. Presence of non-synonymous SNPs is represented with black dots, while SNPs within the promoter region of the alr gene are colored in gray. Names of genes with identified SNPs have been highlighted in bold. Mutants have been color-coded, based on the types and polymorphisms observed in the genome. Circular map was generated using Circos⁵³. c Schematic representation of evolution of DCS resistance. Circles represent the genomic DNA of each strain and numbers refer to the specific mutant ID. Source data are provided as a Source Data file