Fig. 2

Characterization of GP-Ce6-SiNPs. a TEM image and corresponding size distribution (inset) of GP-Ce6-SiNPs. Scale bar: 20 nm. b DLS spectra of SiNPs (blue curve) and GP-Ce6-SiNPs (purple curve). c UV-Vis absorbance of Ce6 (blue curve), SiNPs (gray curve), and GP-Ce6-SiNPs (orange curve). The inset image shows the UV absorbance of GP, GP-SiNPs, and GP-SiNPs treated with phenol-sulfuric acid (GP-SiNPs + phenol-sulfuric). d PL spectra of SiNPs (blue curve), Ce6 (gray curve), GP (black curve), and GP-Ce6-SiNPs (orange curve) (λex = 405 nm). e Zeta potential of SiNPs, GP, GP-SiNPs, Ce6, and GP-Ce6-SiNPs. f 1O2 generation abilities of H2O, PBS, free Ce6, and GP-Ce6-SiNPs determined by using SOSG. Error bars represent the standard deviation obtained from three independent measurements. Source data are provided as a Source Data file