Fig. 4
The stop phenotype induced by RIS photoactivation requires GABA and neuropeptide signaling. a Animal locomotion analyzed before, during, and after photoactivation of RIS (in lite-1(ce314) background, to eliminate unspecific photophobic responses) and the proportion of animals in distinct state (forward (green), stop (white), reversal (magenta)) deduced from the animal velocities is represented in color, over time, across all animals analyzed (number of animals and genotypes indicated above each data set). Significant change in stop proportion during RIS photoactivation versus WT indicated; blue bar and blue shade: illumination period; scale bar: 2 s. b Relative body elongation during RIS photoactivation; box plot with Tukey whiskers, numbers of animals, and genotypes are indicated below. c, d Mean ± SEM locomotion speed (c) or body length (d) before, during, or after photoactivation of RIS::ChR2 (blue bars) compared in egl-3(gk238) mutants raised with or without ATR. Number of animals depicted in gray. e Mean normalized angular velocity in anterior quarter of the animal for WT and unc-9(e101) mutants expressing RIS::ChR2, with and without ATR. Box plot with Tukey whiskers. ***p ≤ 0.001; **p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05; ns: non-significant; statistical significance tested by ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test in (a; black, versus WT in b, e) or Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, versus no body length change (red, in b)
