Fig. 3

Impact crater size frequency and crater depth to diameter ratio compared to crater accumulation models. a Cumulative fit on the crater size-frequency diagram showing the periods of major resurfacing events in the Chryse anomaly unit (blue) and the Adjacent unit 1 (red) using Craterstats²³. The isochrons of 3.4, 3.7, and 3.9 Ga are plotted in grey lines, calculated based on the crater production function²⁴ and chronology function²⁵. The tabulated data are attached in the Supplementary Tables 2–3. b, c Modeled impact crater morphology and probability density for a common instantaneous resurfacing event around 3.7 Ga with zero obliteration rate, compared to observations. b The depth-diameter relationship of modeled results (crosses) compared to observations (circles) with craters smaller than 7 km masked in the shaded zone. c The probability density distribution of depth to diameter ratio as a proxy for the relative abundance of modeled pristine and filled impact craters (non-shaded) compared to observations (shaded). The distribution is calculated for craters larger than 7 km