Fig. 6
From: Linkage between endosomal escape of LNP-mRNA and loading into EVs for transport to other cells

Cytokine analysis in mouse plasma after mc3-EV and MC3-LNP delivery. Mice were intravenously injected with 100 μL of mc3-EVs or MC3-LNPs containing 1.5 µg of hEPO-mRNA (per mouse). The concentrations of eight pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 (a), IP-10 (b), RANTES (c), MCP-1 (d), KC (e), IL1-β (f), TNF-α (g), and IFN-γ (h) were determined in mouse plasma after 5 and 24 h of mc3-EV, MC3-LNP or PBS injection. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in mice receiving LNP injection than in those receiving EV injection. White squares: PBS, black circles: EVs and black triangles: LNPs. Data are presented as the mean (bars) and standard deviation (SD) n = 4 independent animals at each time point. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. Significant differences are shown as p-values. Source data are provided as a Source Data file