Table 1 Effect sizes per key moderators
Moderator | k | N | Effect size d (CI) | I2 (%) | POB (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall effect size | 144 | 3,092,678 | −0.093 (−0.160, −0.055) | 64.6** | 6.6 | |
Sensitivity analysis | ||||||
Sample type | Households | 66 | 724,792 | −0.112 (−0.221, −0.057) | 73.1** | |
Individuals | 78 | 2,367,886 | −0.118 (−0.221, −0.060) | 51.9** | ||
Sample size per condition | ≤100 | 82 | 5709 | −0.335 (−−0.555, −0.190) | 49.9** | |
]100, 500[ | 45 | 22,840 | −0.141 (−0.280, −0.063) | 51.4** | ||
≥500 | 17 | 3,074,121 | −0.028 (−0.106, −0.006) | 25.6 | ||
Self-selection | Self-selected | 79 | 12,550 | −0.279 (−0.465, −0.161) | 60.3** | |
Naïve | 65 | 3,080,128 | −0.040 (−0.103, −0.016) | 53.6** | ||
Region | Europe | 43 | 2,333,441 | −0.210 (−0.446, −0.093) | 58.6** | |
US/Canada | 78 | 750,854 | −0.108 (−0.208, −0.054) | 72.7** | ||
Rest World | 23 | 8383 | −0.059 (−0.407, −0.013) | 0 | ||
Behaviourª | ||||||
Energy | 47 | 719,059 | −0.094 (−0.133, −0.055) | 67.7** | 6.6 | |
Appliances | 12 | 108,077 | −0.036 (−0.129, 0.058) | 22.6 | 2.5 | |
Transportation | 29 | 2,245,972 | −0.136 (−0.183, −0.089) | 98.4** | 9.6 | |
Car use | 21 | 2,242,781 | −0.036 (−0.039, −0.034) | 0 | 2.5 | |
Water | 42 | 124,082 | −0.052 (−0.079, −0.025) | 40.1** | 3.7 | |
Towel | 18 | 8909 | −0.168 (−0.271, −0.064) | 47.8** | 11.9 | |
Food waste | 4 | 218 | −0.231 (−0.518, 0.056) | 21.6 | 16.3 | |
Meat | 7 | 666 | −0.239 (−2.81, 0.008) | 36.8 | 16.9 | |
Recycling | 23 | 2766 | −0.457 (−0.595, −0.319) | 69.9** | 32.3 | |
Intervention | ||||||
Information | 53 | 2,354,243 | −0.048 (−0.075, −0.021) | 34.7** | 3.4 | |
Social comparison | 32 | 719,756 | −0.077 (−0.108, −0.046) | 72.2** | 5.4 | |
Engagement | 38 | 10,486 | −0.253 (−0.336, −0.170) | 71.8** | 17.9 | |
Commitment | 10 | 1446 | −0.480 (−0.704, −0.255) | 75.8** | 33.9 | |
Appeals | 10 | 5952 | −0.266 (−0.445, −0.086) | 70.5** | 18.8 | |
Nudges | 11 | 795 | −0.352 (−0.492, −0.212) | 0 | 24.9 | |
