Fig. 1

Assessing the limitations of free-enzyme LsLAI. a Initial turnover rates of purified LsLAI compared at medium (100 mM, green) and high (400 mM, orange) substrate loading at low (37 °C) and elevated (50 °C) temperatures. Comparison of the non-native substrate, galactose at low (GAL-37C) and high (GAL-50C) temperature, to that of native substrate, arabinose at low temperature (ARA-37C). b Loss of activity of purified LsLAI over time incubated at 37 °C (green) or 50 °C (orange). Half-life calculated from first-order decay equation. c Equilibrium conversion of purified LsLAI starting from 10 mM total substrate with galactose to tagatose ratio at 1:0 (10 mM galactose, purple), 1:1 (5 mM each galactose and tagatose, orange), or 0:1 (10 mM tagatose, green) incubated at 37 °C. Additional enzyme was added every 24 h to account for thermal inactivation. The data are means from three independent biological replicates (n = 3). *** = p < 0.001 (Students t-test). Source data are provided as a Source Data file