Fig. 2

Magnetic texture vs. temperature. a–c Evolution of the spatial AFM order parameter (square root of scattering intensity) during a thermal cycle across T_Néel at temperatures corresponding to the plot markers in (d). Min/max color scales are specific to each map. Black dashed contours outline the AFM domains at 130 K (warming cycle (a) and are also overlaid in (b) and (c) to highlight the evolution. The a_pc and b_pc crystallographic axes are indicated in (c); the arrow length corresponds to 1 μm in the sample frame. d Temperature dependence of the [¼, ¼, ¼]_pc AFM Bragg peak intensity, measured using a macroscopic X-ray beam, shows a typical first-order like hysteresis [red (blue) curve is the warming (cooling) cycle]. The temperatures of maps a–c are marked out as well. e The projected AFM landscape map on the sample surface. Note that the measured sample area is not square, and the projected shape, size, and orientation of the AFM domain landscape are shown in the top right inset