Fig. 4

In situ oxygen reduction and dynamics in GO. a STEM image of the oxygen pair configuration. b, c One oxygen is released after several scans, creating a vacancy beside the oxygen atom. The oxygen atom jumps frequently to the opposite equivalent site.d Second oxygen is knocked out after several scans creating a divacancy. e EEL spectrum of a double-O configuration, which converted into single-O during spectrum acquisition (total dose: ca. 2 × 10¹⁰ e⁻ Å⁻¹).f Reduction process of oxygen. g Rotation of the 5-8-5 DV with two oxygen atoms. Scale bar is 0.5 nm