Fig. 6

Underlying mechanisms of chromosome conformation in meiosis and mitosis. a Pathway of meiotic chromosome compaction: Rec8-dependent loop formation leads to initial chromosome arm compaction and emergence of a grid-like pattern of Hi-C interactions that jointly agrees with a mechanism of loop extrusion including barrier elements. We suggest that transcription could impose such barriers. Hop1 and Zip1 are dispensable for this step, but are required for synapsis, where additional compaction occurs differentially along chromosome arms. b Hi–C contact maps of chromosome 11 for meiotic (ndt80∆, pachytene - top) and mitotic (wild type, nocodazole arrest - bottom) plotted at 2 kb bin resolution. c Zoom-in into contact maps on chromosome 11 (0–200 kb) of ndt80∆ (top) and mitotic (bottom). Arrowheads indicate sites of visually prominent focal interactions. d, e Frequency of TSSs by orientation around meiotic (d) and mitotic (e) Hi–C peak anchors, in 500 bp bins smoothed with a sliding window of three bins to emphasise the enrichment patterns (Methods). N = number of peaks analysed