Table 3 Multivariate linear mixed-effect regression models assessing clinical and microbial predictors associated with gut microbiome α-diversity after liver transplantation

From: Colonizing multidrug-resistant bacteria and the longitudinal evolution of the intestinal microbiome after liver transplantation

Predictor

Univariate coefficient

Univariate Pa

Multivariate coefficient (95% CI)

Multivariate Pa,b

Early post-LT (months 1–3)

 Comorbidity—HCC

0.30

<0.05

  

 MELD (>18 vs. ≤18)

−0.34

<0.001

−0.34 (−0.51, −0.16)

<0.001

 CTP score

−0.07

<0.01

  

 Post-operative bleedingc

−0.43

<0.01

  

 Bile leakd

−0.73

<0.0001

−0.49 (−0.77, −0.22)

<0.001

 Biliary strictured

−0.45

<0.01

  

 Re-hospitalizationd

−0.25

<0.05

  

 Readmission to ICUd

−0.37

<0.01

  

 Peri-operative antibiotic adjustment

−0.27

<0.05

−0.17 (−0.36, 0.01)

0.07

 CRE colonization

−0.58

<0.01

−0.46 (−0.78, −0.14)

<0.01

 VRE colonization

−0.53

<0.0001

  

 Ceph-RE colonization

−0.23

0.07

  

 β-lactam IIe

−0.84

<0.0001

−0.41 (−0.68, −0.14)

<0.01

 β-lactam IIIe

−0.6

<0.05

  

 Glyco-/lipo-peptidee

−0.96

<0.0001

−0.39 (−0.7, −0.08)

<0.05

 Carbapeneme

−0.72

<0.001

  

 Fluoroquinolonee

−0.73

<0.0001

−0.46 (−0.75, −0.17)

<0.01

Late post-LT (months 6–12)

 Comorbidity—HCC

0.23

<0.05

  

 MELD (>18 vs. ≤18)

−0.31

<0.01

−0.21 (−0.39, −0.03)

<0.05

 CTP score

−0.05

<0.05

  

 Post-operative bleedingc

−0.29

<0.05

  

 Bile leakd

−0.41

<0.05

−0.33 (−0.64, −0.03)

<0.05

 Biliary strictured

−0.52

<0.001

−0.33 (−0.58, −0.07)

<0.05

 Re-hospitalizationd

−0.25

<0.05

  

 Peri-operative antibiotic adjustment

−0.19

0.09

−0.18 (−0.37, −0.01)

0.07

 CRE colonization

−0.36

<0.05

  

 VRE colonization

−0.70

<0.0001

−0.53 (−0.78, −0.29)

<0.0001

 Ceph-RE colonization

−0.20

0.05

  

β-lactam IIe

−0.46

<0.001

−0.29 (−0.54, −0.03)

<0.05

 Glyco-/lipo-peptidee

−0.51

<0.001

  

 Carbapeneme

−0.55

<0.05

  
  1. aUnivariate and multivariate associations were assessed by using linear mixed-effect regression models. Predictors with univariate P ≤ 0.1 were considered for inclusion in multivariate modeling
  2. bAll multivariate models had overall (global) P < 0.0001
  3. cWithin 7 days of LT
  4. dWithin 1 year of LT
  5. eAntibiotic exposure ≤ 14 days before sample; see Supplementary Methods for coding of antibiotic classes
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