Table 4 Clinical and microbial predictors associated with gut microbiome UniFrac β-diversity before and after liver transplantation using PERMANOVA

Predictor	P	Pseudo F-statistic
All time points
CRE colonization^a	0.001	5.443
VRE colonization^a	0.001	17.276
Ceph-RE colonization^a	0.001	8.776
Any MDRB colonization^a	0.001	18.514
Any MDRB colonization^b	0.001	11.002
Time category (pre-, peri-, and post-LT)	0.001	8.488
Antibacterial treatment within 14 days	0.001	21.291
Pre-LT
ARLD	0.014	1.842
MELD (>18 vs. ≤18)	0.001	4.010
CTP class	0.001	2.881
Any MDRB colonization^a	0.001	3.986
Antibacterial treatment within 14 days	0.001	3.485
Peri-LT (weeks 1–3)
ARLD	0.154	1.235
HBV	0.070	1.388
Peri-operative antibiotic adjustment	0.001	4.274
Any MDRB colonization^a	0.001	6.559
Antibacterial treatment within 14 days	0.029	1.600
Early post-LT (months 1–3)
Bile leak^b	0.002	2.623
Biliary stricture^b	0.009	1.826
Re-hospitalization^b	0.001	3.425
Readmission to ICU^b	0.001	2.739
Peri-operative antibiotic adjustment	0.001	2.419
Any MDRB colonization^b	0.001	3.959
Antibacterial treatment within 14 days	0.001	6.036
Late post-LT (months 6–12)
Bile leak^b	0.049	1.434
Biliary stricture^b	0.002	2.751
Re-hospitalization^b	0.001	3.690
Readmission to ICU^b	0.088	1.314
Peri-operative antibiotic adjustment	0.067	1.388
Any MDRB colonization^a	0.001	3.124
Antibacterial treatment within 14 days	0.001	2.801

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