Fig. 4
From: Large scale and integrated platform for digital mass culture of anchorage dependent cells
Real-time monitoring of various cells cultured on a single-layer CCP. a Photographic image of four single-layer CCPs in an incubator, controlled wirelessly by a single laptop. b Screenshot images of the user interactive software for each mode of monitoring and stimulations: impedance sensing (top left), pH/K+ sensing (bottom left), electrical stimulation (top right), and temperature sensing/thermal stimulation (bottom right). c Monitored data (impedance, temperature, pH, and K+) for cultures of four types of cells (hDFB human dermal fibroblasts, hMSC human mesenchymal stem cell, C2C12 mouse myoblast, HL-1 mouse cardiac muscle cell; mean). In the C2C12 culture, the growth medium was changed to the differentiation medium on day 5 (arrow). d–g Impedance mappings of hDFB (d), hMSC (e), C2C12 (f), and HL-1 (g). The blue color indicates the lowest impedance, whereas red color indicates the impedance in maximum. h Growths of four types of cells as determined by the WST-8 assay. The absorbance is increased as the number of cells is increased. i Fluorescent microscopic images of F-actin-stained C2C12 cells during proliferation (top, scale bar: 10 μm) and myosin heavy chain staining of C2C12 cells showing myotube formation of the cells during differentiation (bottom, scale bar: 50 μm). j Expression of the muscle-specific gene for myogenin (red line) and MyoD (blue line) in C2C12 cells (n = 3, mean ± s.d., myogenin compared to day 0, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; MyoD compared to day 0 #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ANOVA). k Fluorescent microscopic images of F-actinstained HL-1 during proliferation (top, scale bar: 40 μm) and connexin 43 (Cx43) expression of the cells during differentiation (bottom, scale bar: 30 μm)
